Hokusai

葛飾北斎

human

Sex or gender	male
Country of citizenship	Japan
ཕ་སྐད་ཐོག་གི་མིང།	葛飾北斎, 葛飾󠄁北齋
Given name	北斎
Family name	葛飾
Name in kana	かつしか ほくさい
Date of birth	31 Hywan Swak 1760
Place of birth	Honjo
Date of death	10 Hywan Pfon 1849
Place of death	Asakusa
Spouse	unknown value, unknown value
Child	Katsushika Ōi, Katsushika Tatsujo
Languages spoken, written or signed	Japanese
Student of	Katsukawa Shunshō
Residence	Uraga
Work location	Edo
Floruit	1808, 1849
Start of work period	1775
End of work period	1849
Ethnic group	Japanese people
Last words	Encore cinq ans et je serais devenu un grand artiste., 悲と魂で ゆくきさんじや 夏の原
Participant in	documenta 12
Artist files at	National Gallery of Art Library
Movement	Japonisme, Kasei culture, ukiyo-e
Genre	ukiyo-e, portrait
Copyright status as a creator	copyrights on works have expired

̇ Katsushika Hokusai[a] A̱ yin swat nyai ka̱tuk swak ntat bu̱ a̱yring n hywan swak u dirya cci kop jring bu̱ cci a̱tuyring bu̱ swak a̱kutat (31/10/1760 – katuk swak n hywan pfwon u du̱rya cci kop jring bu̱ cci a̱nunai bu̱ nswak naai bu̱ a̱kumbvuyring (10/5/1849), ba bvo ku yei Hokusai, [b] A̱ yin yet a̱ntyok Japan nu̱ a̱ yin wwang ma̱mmwuk u̱ ka̱ram a̱ya. Pfwong nu̱ na nyyi a̱nta̱zwa kon na yin jang n tyyei nama nswak ntat bu̱ akutat (36) ni a̱nyyi du̱hwan Fuji a̱ yin sshi bu̱ du̱ryem ba̱shekkwot Kanagawawas. Hokusai a̱ yin byyi bvwak u̱ wruk bu̱ "ukiyo-e" nyai u̱ du̱wat yya ma̱mwuk a̱ ba yya ni a̱nyyi nyam bu̱ na̱kon bu̱ nkyang nzaan na rai du̱ nbvak na ni. [3] Npfwong nu na yin tyi na̱ ssha du̱yrek ka̱yat Japan bu̱ na̱byen a̱ma̱nyyi[4].

Hokusai a̱ yin yet a̱ngwak u̱ yya pfwong a kum nkon a̱ bvo man yya pfwong an kyang nzaan da ni di du̱ssuk bu̱ yya nkyang a kpa. Nyai na̱ yet ka̱bawon, a̱ yin sook pfwong a a̱ ya ka̱son ban kpa a bu̱ n myrang wwon a̱ bvo man kpa̱ jang a̱ tyei su kpang ka̱ram du̱kkwu a ryya 88 [nswak a̱nunai bu̱ a̱nunai]. A jinjing ka̱ram ani, a̱ yin yya npfwong a rau cci kop nswak ntat ni (30,000)'. Nom nbyin nu na sshi an dyin, m̵a ba hwa ba yin ku byin ka̱tuk nswak hwa bu̱ a̱tat23 an hywan a̱kumbvuyring u̱ du̱rya a̱nba̱swak an cei ka̱ram Horeki (akkukkwo a̱tatwang na̱ram au̱ ka̱tuk nswang tat bu̱ a̱yyring 31 an hywan swak u̱ du̱rya cci kop jring bu̱ cci a̱tuyring bu̱ nswak a̱kutat 1760) u ka̱ryi ba̱nyet yya pfwong nbvwak ka̱ya an sot du̱tyok Katsushika[ja] a̱nyyi Edo, a̱gba̱dang ka̱nkrang tung tyi nu a̱ ya du̱tyok Tokugawa shogunate (currently Katsushika-ku, Tokyo). [5] A̱ yin byyi du̱yrek nda̱won Tokitarō. [6] Ba wrak ka̱ryong a̱tyyi nu nu a̱mi a̱ yin yet Nakajima Ise, a̱ntyok yya kyang ccang ma̱mmwuk ba̱nyet shōgun. [6] A̱tyi nu a̱ yin ku sak ka̱konu a̱ ya du̱gado ba, ku nu bvwa du̱kkwu ba ba hywa di a̱na nu a̱ yin yet a̱mbyring a̱zugak. [5] Hokusai a̱ yin nwwa du̱ssuk na yet za a̱kutat, madei a̱ yin myamm di a̱tyi nu nu a ma yi yya npfwong a mon bu̱ du̱ssuk krang nkyang ccang ma̱mmwuk ni.[5]

Hokusai a̱ yin byi a̱yiyrek'a a̱ tat nswak ntat ni ka̱ram nu ka. Ku yin yet a̱kpam kyang ka̱ram a̱ ya ka̱yat ba̱nyet Japan a̱ byyi a̱yiyrek na tssung, ma a̱yiyrek ngan nu na a̱ yin dau a̱nyyi konzan a̱ntyok wwang ma̱mwuk Japanis. Ka̱shei ka ni a̱ yin naat ciccrak bu̱ yya ji na nsaap du̱wan npfwong nu ti ni bu̱ ka̱ssu npfwong ka na wwut i ni. Ba bvo man sook an yya kyang a ban nsrak na̱zzu bu̱ na̱ram npfwong nu na ni.[5]

A̱ yin yet za swak bu a̱hwa, a̱tyi nu a̱ ku tun na nat yya pfwong ka̱kpri nza a̱kpa bu̱ kwap a̱kpa du̱twang kyang a yin yet a̱hyom ssha a̱cecet na̱nkrang Japan ka̱ram a̱ ya ni, kạ̱bvwa ka ba yin ntwang a̱kpa na ba jem an byrim nkon na ba sshak ni.[7] Na yet za swak nu anaai 14, a̱ yin yya myamm pfwong bu̱ a̱ntyok shap nkyang a su tat za swak bu̱ a̱nunai 18, na syak a̱ su nwwa npffu npfwong Katsukawa Shunshō. Shunshō na yet a̱ntyok wwang zu̱zzwa bu̱ ma̱mmwuk a̱nyyi ukiyo- e du̱wat bu̱ ka̱ssu npfwong ka nu a̱ mi a bu̱ cong a bu̱ yet a̱kwak a̱son u ni, bu̱ du̱ccu ka̱kpri zzak ka ban yei Katsukawa ni.[6] Ukiyo-e, kazzu npfwong a yin n tyyi kassu u wwang mmamwuk banyet dutyok ni, (bijin-ga) bu̱ kabuki (yakusha-e).[8]

Du̱rya a̱tuyring ti tyak du̱yrek Hokusai ti u shei nat Shunrō. A̱ntyok ka̱ryyi nu ka̱bvwa npfwong nu a̱ yin yet ka̱son ku shei du̱yrek ti. Bu̱ du̱yrek ti ni a̱mi na̱ yin zzu pfwong ka̱tsutsrang npfwong nu na, a̱ tswa nmammwuk a̱nyyi ba̱nyet yya a̱nzzup kabuki nu ba yin zzu u̱ du̱rya 1779 ni. Ka̱yat a̱rya a̱ya na yya pfwong a npffu Shunshō, Hokusai a̱ yin bvwa a̱mbyring ka̱tsutsrang nu a̱ yin kkwu a rya cci kop jring bu cci a̱tuyring bu swak a̱kumbvuyring 1790s. Na bvwo bvwa a̱mbyring a̱yaan u̱ du̱rya cci co jring cci a̱tuyring bu nswak a̱kunbvuyring bu a̱tuyring 1797, ma na bvo man kkwu ka̱ba-cincong ka̱ram. A̱ yin byyi na̱won nzam na̱hwa bu̱ ba̱nap ba̱tat bu̱ ba̱nyring ba̱hwa ba ni, wwon angbam kawon anap nu nu Ei, au Ōi, a cong a su yzt awwang nmammwuk myang bu ku brang.[8][9] Anbvwo tang nkuang tssak bu sai nabvwa a̱ntazwa katak ạgbadang a̱ddat Ryogoku kayat Edo (c. cci kop jring cci a̱tuyring bu swak a̱nunai bu a̱nunai 1788– swak a̱nunai bu a̱kumbvuyring 89) a yin takyem nyai karam Hokusai.[10]

Karam ka Shunshō na yin nkkwu ni u̱ du̱rya cci cop jring cci a̱tuyring bu nswak a̱kumbvuyring bu a̱tat(1793), Hokusai a nwa ta̱yuut ka̱yat npfwong nzaan su n brang bu̱ npfwong ka̱sak Urop nyyai an pfwong ba̱nyet a̱zagbang Frans bu Dutch bu nyyi na ba yya di ahhom ntswam u na yin yyat ssha na ni.[8] Ku tyyi ba ku nying ba̱guguk nyyai u kakpri myam Katsukawa ka, Shunkō akkwa Shunsó nu a yin ku nying rot yya ji na n cong ayamm di barandwan a kakpri Kanō 'ka ni. Yya ji ni da ni na yin 'nhywa ni kyang a yi nbyyi n nun takyem bu pfwong kassu na bvwon ni nkpa yet ryyi hywat bu nsum ma ba yin ntyyi mi anbvwak Shunkō ni".[11]

Hokusai a yin cong a su shei ka̱sak npfwong nu ka, nyai a mammwuk ba̱nyet hwak trwang bu̱ ba̱nyet yya a̱nzzup ba a̱ yin yet nkyang ntyyi ka̱ssu an yyi npfwong ukiyo-e ni. Di a̱mi na nat sook ka̱ssu npfwong nkyang a sshi a̱kpasai ka̱sa ka ni bu̱ nkyang a ba̱nyet ba yya a̱ naat an bvwot konzan ka̱tuk ni, a̱zansot bu̱ ncei bu̱ ssha hywat. Ka̱shei ka ni a̱ yin tyyi pfwong a u̱ tat u̱ trak u̱ dung u̱ ka̱zzu ukiyo-e bu ka̱yat npfwong Hokusai.[8]

Du̱rya ti yring a̱ssyak, Hokusai katsitsrang shei du̱yrek nu ti karam ka antyok karyi nu nan kun jim ni. A̱yin zzwu kpa katsitsrang nu na u̱ duyrek aya, bu̱ bafoto an yyi kabuki actors ba zzu a du̱rya cci cop jring cci a̱tuyring bu̱ nswak a̱tuyring bu̱ a̱kumbvuyring (1779). Kayat a̱rya swak na yya pfwong a̱ kazzu Shunsho, Hokusai a̱yi bvwa ambyring katsitsrang, bu kyang a ba bvwo a̱tazwa nu mi nkpa yet dukkwu nu ti a̱tantson du̱rya cci cop jring bu̱ cci ȧ̱tuyring bu̱ nswak a̱kumbvuyring(1790s). Rya na bu̱ shrim shrim na bvwa abyring ambahwa du̱rya ti yet cci cop jring bu̱ cci a̱tuyring bu̱ nswak a̱kumbvuyring bu ạtuyring( 1797), to̱ yya Kaza, a̱pyi a̱mbahwa nu a̱naat a̱kwwu ba kan bvubvwa karam ba. A̱yet a̱tyi nawon na pfwon zzam swa bu na̱niyang na tat u̱ banyring ba hwa nu ba, āshishyi kaniyang nu ni Ei, abvo ku yei Oi, a̱ku tsuub du wwang mammwuk bu̱ kawon pfwong nu ka.[8][9]